Glycosyl hydrolase family 32 family protein. The GH32 family contains glycosyl hydrolase family GH32 proteins that cleave sucrose into fructose and glucose via beta-fructofuranosidase activity, producing invert sugar that is a mixture of dextrorotatory D-glucose and levorotatory D-fructose, thus named invertase (EC 3.2.1.26). This family also contains other fructofuranosidases such as inulinase (EC 3.2.1.7), exo-inulinase (EC 3.2.1.80), levanase (EC 3.2.1.65), and transfructosidases such sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.99), fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.100), sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.10), fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.243) and levan fructosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-). These retaining enzymes (i.e. they retain the configuration at anomeric carbon atom of the substrate) catalyze hydrolysis in two steps involving a covalent glycosyl enzyme intermediate: an aspartate located close to the N-terminus acts as the catalytic nucleophile and a glutamate acts as the general acid/base; a conserved aspartate residue in the Arg-Asp-Pro (RDP) motif stabilizes the transition state. These enzymes are predicted to display a 5-fold beta-propeller fold as found for GH43 and CH68. The breakdown of sucrose is widely used as a carbon or energy source by bacteria, fungi, and plants. Invertase is used commercially in the confectionery industry, since fructose has a sweeter taste than sucrose and a lower tendency to crystallize. A common structural feature of all these enzymes is a 5-bladed beta-propeller domain, similar to GH43, that contains the catalytic acid and catalytic base. A long V-shaped groove, partially enclosed at one end, forms a single extended substrate-binding surface across the face of the propeller.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 130, such as beta-mammosidase BT3780 and BACOVA_03624. This subfamily contains glycosyl hydrolase family 130, as classified by the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZY), and includes Bacteroides enzymes, BT3780 and BACOVA_03624. Members of this family possess 5-bladed beta-propeller domains similar to families 32, 43, 62, 68, 117 (GH32, GH43, GH62, GH68, GH117). GH130 enzymes are involved in the bacterial utilization of mannans or N-linked glycans. GH130 enzymes have also been shown to target beta-1,2- and beta-1,4-mannosidic linkages where these phosphorylases mediate bond cleavage by a single displacement reaction in which phosphate functions as the catalytic nucleophile. However, some lack the conserved basic residues that bind the phosphate nucleophile, as observed for the Bacteroides enzymes, BT3780 and BACOVA_03624, which are indeed beta-mannosidases that hydrolyze beta-1,2-mannosidic linkages through an inverting mechanism.

Glycoside hydrolase family 130. Members of the glycosyl hydrolase family 130, as classified by the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZY), are phosphorylases and hydrolases for beta-mannosides, and include beta-1,4-mannosylglucose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.281), beta-1,4-mannooligosaccharide phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.319), beta-1,4-mannosyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.320), beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.-), beta-1,2-oligomannan phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.-) and beta-1,2-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.-). They possess 5-bladed beta-propeller domains similar to families 32, 43, 62, 68, 117 (GH32, GH43, GH62, GH68, GH117). GH130 enzymes are involved in the bacterial utilization of mannans or N-linked glycans. Beta-1,4-mannosylglucose phosphorylase is involved in degradation of beta-1,4-D-mannosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linkages in the core of N-glycans; it produces alpha-mannose 1-phosphate and glucose from 4-O-beta-D-mannosyl-D-glucose and inorganic phosphate, using a critical catalytic Asp as a proton donor.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 130, such as beta-mammosidase BT3780 and BACOVA_03624. This subfamily contains glycosyl hydrolase family 130, as classified by the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZY), and includes Bacteroides enzymes, BT3780 and BACOVA_03624. Members of this family possess 5-bladed beta-propeller domains similar to families 32, 43, 62, 68, 117 (GH32, GH43, GH62, GH68, GH117). GH130 enzymes are involved in the bacterial utilization of mannans or N-linked glycans. GH130 enzymes have also been shown to target beta-1,2- and beta-1,4-mannosidic linkages where these phosphorylases mediate bond cleavage by a single displacement reaction in which phosphate functions as the catalytic nucleophile. However, some lack the conserved basic residues that bind the phosphate nucleophile, as observed for the Bacteroides enzymes, BT3780 and BACOVA_03624, which are indeed beta-mannosidases that hydrolyze beta-1,2-mannosidic linkages through an inverting mechanism.

Glycosyl hydrolase families: GH43, GH62, GH32, GH68, GH117, CH130. Members of the glycosyl hydrolase families 32, 43, 62, 68, 117 and 130 (GH32, GH43, GH62, GH68, GH117, GH130) all possess 5-bladed beta-propeller domains and comprise clans F and J, as classified by the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZY). Clan F consists of families GH43 and GH62. GH43 includes beta-xylosidases (EC 3.2.1.37), beta-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8), alpha-L-arabinases (EC 3.2.1.99), and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55), using aryl-glycosides as substrates, while family GH62 contains alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55) that specifically cleave either alpha-1,2 or alpha-1,3-L-arabinofuranose sidechains from xylans. These are inverting enzymes (i.e. they invert the stereochemistry of the anomeric carbon atom of the substrate) that have an aspartate as the catalytic general base, a glutamate as the catalytic general acid and another aspartate that is responsible for pKa modulation and orienting the catalytic acid. Clan J consists of families GH32 and GH68. GH32 comprises sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolases, invertases (EC 3.2.1.26), inulinases (EC 3.2.1.7), levanases (EC 3.2.1.65), eukaryotic fructosyltransferases, and bacterial fructanotransferases while GH68 consists of frucosyltransferases (FTFs) that include levansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10); beta-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26); inulosucrase (EC 2.4.1.9), while GH68 consists of frucosyltransferases (FTFs) that include levansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10); beta-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26); inulosucrase (EC 2.4.1.9), all of which use sucrose as their preferential donor substrate. Members of this clan are retaining enzymes (i.e. they retain the configuration at anomeric carbon atom of the substrate) that catalyze hydrolysis in two steps involving a covalent glycosyl enzyme intermediate: an aspartate located close to the N-terminus acts as the catalytic nucleophile and a glutamate acts as the general acid/base; a conserved aspartate residue in the Arg-Asp-Pro (RDP) motif stabilizes the transition state. Structures of all families in the two clans manifest a funnel-shaped active site that comprises two subsites with a single route for access by ligands. Also included in this superfamily are GH117 enzymes that have exo-alpha-1,3-(3,6-anhydro)-l-galactosidase activity, removing terminal non-reducing alpha-1,3-linked 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose residues from their neoagarose substrate, and GH130 that are phosphorylases and hydrolases for beta-mannosides, involved in the bacterial utilization of mannans or N-linked glycans.

Glycosidehydrolase BT_0996 [Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482]

Glycosidehydrolase BT_0996 [Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482],5MUJ_A BT0996 RGII Chain B Complex [Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482]

ChainA, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIP_B Chain B, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIP_C Chain C, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIP_D Chain D, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIQ_A Chain A, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIQ_B Chain B, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIQ_C Chain C, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIQ_D Chain D, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIR_A Chain A, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIR_B Chain B, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIR_C Chain C, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIR_D Chain D, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIS_A Chain A, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIS_B Chain B, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIS_C Chain C, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514],7FIS_D Chain D, Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase [Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514]

1,2-beta-oligomannan phosphorylase OS=Thermoanaerobacter sp. (strain X514) OX=399726 GN=Teth514_1788 PE=1 SV=1

Beta-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase OS=Thermoanaerobacter sp. (strain X514) OX=399726 GN=Teth514_1789 PE=1 SV=1