glycogen synthase GSY2 and similar proteins. Glycogen synthase, which is most closely related to the GT3 family of glycosyltransferases, catalyzes the transfer of a glucose molecule from UDP-glucose to a terminal branch of a glycogen molecule, a rate-limit step of glycogen biosynthesis. GSY2, the member of this family in S. cerevisiae, has been shown to possess glycogen synthase activity.

Glycogen synthase. This family consists of the eukaryotic glycogen synthase proteins GYS1, GYS2 and GYS3. Glycogen synthase (GS) is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of -1,4-linked glucose chains in glycogen. It is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the polysaccharide, and its activity is highly regulated through phosphorylation at multiple sites and also by allosteric effectors, mainly glucose 6-phosphate (G6P).

Glycosyltransferase involved in cell wall bisynthesis [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis].

phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosyltransferase. This family is most closely related to the GT4 family of glycosyltransferases and named after PimA in Propionibacterium freudenreichii, which is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIM) which are early precursors in the biosynthesis of lipomannans (LM) and lipoarabinomannans (LAM), and catalyzes the addition of a mannosyl residue from GDP-D-mannose (GDP-Man) to the position 2 of the carrier lipid phosphatidyl-myo-inositol (PI) to generate a phosphatidyl-myo-inositol bearing an alpha-1,2-linked mannose residue (PIM1). Glycosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. The acceptor molecule can be a lipid, a protein, a heterocyclic compound, or another carbohydrate residue. This group of glycosyltransferases is most closely related to the previously defined glycosyltransferase family 1 (GT1). The members of this family may transfer UDP, ADP, GDP, or CMP linked sugars. The diverse enzymatic activities among members of this family reflect a wide range of biological functions. The protein structure available for this family has the GTB topology, one of the two protein topologies observed for nucleotide-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases. GTB proteins have distinct N- and C- terminal domains each containing a typical Rossmann fold. The two domains have high structural homology despite minimal sequence homology. The large cleft that separates the two domains includes the catalytic center and permits a high degree of flexibility. The members of this family are found mainly in certain bacteria and archaea.

Glycosyl transferases group 1. Mutations in this domain of PIGA lead to disease (Paroxysmal Nocturnal haemoglobinuria). Members of this family transfer activated sugars to a variety of substrates, including glycogen, Fructose-6-phosphate and lipopolysaccharides. Members of this family transfer UDP, ADP, GDP or CMP linked sugars. The eukaryotic glycogen synthases may be distant members of this family.

StructuralBasis for the Recruitment of Glycogen Synthase by Glycogenin [Caenorhabditis elegans],4QLB_B Structural Basis for the Recruitment of Glycogen Synthase by Glycogenin [Caenorhabditis elegans],4QLB_C Structural Basis for the Recruitment of Glycogen Synthase by Glycogenin [Caenorhabditis elegans],4QLB_D Structural Basis for the Recruitment of Glycogen Synthase by Glycogenin [Caenorhabditis elegans]

yGsy2pin complex with small molecule [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],6U77_B yGsy2p in complex with small molecule [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],6U77_C yGsy2p in complex with small molecule [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],6U77_D yGsy2p in complex with small molecule [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]

Activatedstate yeast Glycogen Synthase in complex with UDP-xylose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UX7_B Activated state yeast Glycogen Synthase in complex with UDP-xylose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UX7_C Activated state yeast Glycogen Synthase in complex with UDP-xylose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UX7_D Activated state yeast Glycogen Synthase in complex with UDP-xylose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]

G6Pbound activated state of yeast glycogen synthase 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5SUK_B G6P bound activated state of yeast glycogen synthase 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5SUK_C G6P bound activated state of yeast glycogen synthase 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5SUK_D G6P bound activated state of yeast glycogen synthase 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]

ChainA, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW0_B Chain B, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW0_C Chain C, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW0_D Chain D, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW1_A Activated state yGsy2p in complex with UDP-galactose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW1_B Activated state yGsy2p in complex with UDP-galactose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW1_C Activated state yGsy2p in complex with UDP-galactose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW1_D Activated state yGsy2p in complex with UDP-galactose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW4_A Chain A, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW4_B Chain B, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW4_C Chain C, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UW4_D Chain D, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5VNC_A Chain A, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5VNC_B Chain B, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5VNC_C Chain C, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5VNC_D Chain D, Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]

Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=GYS1 PE=1 SV=2

Glycogen [starch] synthase OS=Drosophila melanogaster OX=7227 GN=GlyS PE=1 SV=2

Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle OS=Oryctolagus cuniculus OX=9986 GN=GYS1 PE=1 SV=4

Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle OS=Bos taurus OX=9913 GN=GYS1 PE=2 SV=1

Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle OS=Macaca mulatta OX=9544 GN=GYS1 PE=2 SV=1