Catalytic NodB homology domain of Bacillus subtilis polysaccharide deacetylase PdaA, and its bacterial homologs. The Bacillus subtilis genome contains six polysaccharide deacetylase gene homologs: pdaA, pdaB (previously known as ybaN), yheN, yjeA, yxkH and ylxY. This family is represented by Bacillus subtilis pdaA gene encoding polysaccharide deacetylase BsPdaA, which is a member of the carbohydrate esterase 4 (CE4) superfamily. BsPdaA deacetylates peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues to facilitate the formation of muramic delta-lactam, which is required for recognition of germination lytic enzymes. BsPdaA deficiency leads to the absence of muramic delta-lactam residues in the spore cortex. Like other CE4 esterases, BsPdaA consists of a single catalytic NodB homology domain that appears to adopt a deformed (beta/alpha)8 barrel fold with a putative substrate binding groove harboring the majority of the conserved residues. It utilizes a general acid/base catalytic mechanism involving a tetrahedral transition intermediate, where a water molecule functions as the nucleophile tightly associated to the zinc cofactor.

delta-lactam-biosynthetic de-N-acetylase. Muramic delta-lactam is an unusual constituent of peptidoglycan, found only in bacterial spores in the peptidoglycan wall, or spore cortex. The proteins in this family are PdaA (yfjS), a member of a larger family of polysaccharide deacetylases, and are specificially involved in delta-lactam biosynthesis. PdaA acts immediately after CwlD, an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and performs a de-N-acetylation. PdaA may also perform the following transpeptidation for lactam ring formation, as heterologous expression in E. coli of CwlD and PdaA together is sufficient for delta-lactam production. [Cell envelope, Biosynthesis and degradation of murein sacculus and peptidoglycan, Cellular processes, Sporulation and germination]

Catalytic NodB homology domain of rhizobial NodB-like proteins. This family belongs to the large and functionally diverse carbohydrate esterase 4 (CE4) superfamily, whose members show strong sequence similarity with some variability due to their distinct carbohydrate substrates. It includes many rhizobial NodB chitooligosaccharide N-deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-)-like proteins, mainly from bacteria and eukaryotes, such as chitin deacetylases (EC 3.5.1.41), bacterial peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine deacetylases (EC 3.5.1.-), and acetylxylan esterases (EC 3.1.1.72), which catalyze the N- or O-deacetylation of substrates such as acetylated chitin, peptidoglycan, and acetylated xylan. All members of this family contain a catalytic NodB homology domain with the same overall topology and a deformed (beta/alpha)8 barrel fold with 6- or 7 strands. Their catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of a divalent cation, preferably cobalt or zinc, and they employ a conserved His-His-Asp zinc-binding triad closely associated with the conserved catalytic base (aspartic acid) and acid (histidine) to carry out acid/base catalysis. Several family members show diversity both in metal ion specificities and in the residues that coordinate the metal.

Catalytic NodB homology domain of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum chitin deacetylase and similar proteins. This family is represented by the chitin deacetylase (endo-chitin de-N-acetylase, ClCDA, EC 3.5.1.41) from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (also known as Glomerella lindemuthiana), which is a member of the carbohydrate esterase 4 (CE4) superfamily. ClCDA catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetamido groups of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitin, converting it to chitosan in fungal cell walls. It consists of a single catalytic domain similar to the deformed (alpha/beta)8 barrel fold adopted by other CE4 esterases, which encompasses a mononuclear metalloenzyme employing a conserved His-His-Asp zinc-binding triad closely associated with the conserved catalytic base (aspartic acid) and acid (histidine), to carry out acid/base catalysis. It possesses a highly conserved substrate-binding groove, with subtle alterations that influence substrate specificity and subsite affinity. Unlike its bacterial homologs, ClCDA contains two intramolecular disulfide bonds that may add stability to this secreted protein. The family also includes many uncharacterized deacetylases and hypothetical proteins mainly from eukaryotes, which show high sequence similarity to ClCDA.

Putative catalytic NodB homology domain of uncharacterized protein YlxY from Bacillus subtilis and its bacterial homologs. The Bacillus subtilis genome contains six polysaccharide deacetylase gene homologs: pdaA, pdaB (previously known as ybaN), yheN, yjeA, yxkH and ylxY. This family is represented by Bacillus subtilis putative polysaccharide deacetylase BsYlxY, encoded by the ylxY gene, which is a member of the carbohydrate esterase 4 (CE4) superfamily. Although its biological function still remains unknown, BsYlxY shows high sequence homology to the catalytic domain of Bacillus subtilis pdaB gene encoding a putative polysaccharide deacetylase (BsPdaB), which is essential for the maintenance of spores after the late stage of sporulation and is highly conserved in spore-forming bacteria. However, disruption of the ylxY gene in B. subtilis did not cause any sporulation defect. Moreover, the Asp residue in the classical His-His-Asp zinc-binding motif of CE4 esterases is mutated to a Val residue in this family. Other catalytically relevant residues of CE4 esterases are also not conserved, which suggest that members of this family may be inactive.

Structureof a family 4 carbohydrate esterase from Bacillus anthracis [Bacillus anthracis str. Ames]

Structureof Bacillus subtilis PdaA in complex with NAG, a family 4 Carbohydrate esterase. [Bacillus subtilis],1W1A_2 Structure of Bacillus subtilis PdaA in complex with NAG, a family 4 Carbohydrate esterase. [Bacillus subtilis],1W1B_1 Structure of Bacillus subtilis PdaA with Cadmium, a family 4 Carbohydrate esterase. [Bacillus subtilis],1W1B_2 Structure of Bacillus subtilis PdaA with Cadmium, a family 4 Carbohydrate esterase. [Bacillus subtilis]

Structureof Bacillus subtilis PdaA, a family 4 Carbohydrate esterase. [Bacillus subtilis],1W17_B Structure of Bacillus subtilis PdaA, a family 4 Carbohydrate esterase. [Bacillus subtilis]

CrystalStructure Of B. Subtilis Polysaccharide Deacetylase Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium Target Sr127. [Bacillus subtilis],1NY1_B Crystal Structure Of B. Subtilis Polysaccharide Deacetylase Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium Target Sr127. [Bacillus subtilis]

Crystalstructure of the Bc1960 peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase in complex with 4-naphthalen-1-yl-~{N}-oxidanyl-benzamide [Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579]

Uncharacterized 30.6 kDa protein in fumA 3'region OS=Geobacillus stearothermophilus OX=1422 PE=3 SV=1

Peptidoglycan-N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase PdaA OS=Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) OX=224308 GN=pdaA PE=1 SV=1

Peptidoglycan-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase BC_3618 OS=Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 14579 / DSM 31 / CCUG 7414 / JCM 2152 / NBRC 15305 / NCIMB 9373 / NCTC 2599 / NRRL B-3711) OX=226900 GN=BC_3618 PE=1 SV=1

Peptidoglycan-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase BC_1960 OS=Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 14579 / DSM 31 / CCUG 7414 / JCM 2152 / NBRC 15305 / NCIMB 9373 / NCTC 2599 / NRRL B-3711) OX=226900 GN=BC_1960 PE=1 SV=1

Peptidoglycan-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase PgdA OS=Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a (strain ATCC BAA-679 / EGD-e) OX=169963 GN=pgdA PE=1 SV=1