maltodextrin glucosidase; Provisional

Alpha amylase catalytic domain found in cyclomaltodextrinases and related proteins. Cyclomaltodextrinase (CDase; EC3.2.1.54), neopullulanase (NPase; EC 3.2.1.135), and maltogenic amylase (MA; EC 3.2.1.133) catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,4) glycosidic linkages on a number of substrates including cyclomaltodextrins (CDs), pullulan, and starch. These enzymes hydrolyze CDs and starch to maltose and pullulan to panose by cleavage of alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds whereas alpha-amylases essentially lack activity on CDs and pullulan. They also catalyze transglycosylation of oligosaccharides to the C3-, C4- or C6-hydroxyl groups of various acceptor sugar molecules. Since these proteins are nearly indistinguishable from each other, they are referred to as cyclomaltodextrinases (CMDs). The Alpha-amylase family comprises the largest family of glycoside hydrolases (GH), with the majority of enzymes acting on starch, glycogen, and related oligo- and polysaccharides. These proteins catalyze the transformation of alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages with retention of the anomeric center. The protein is described as having 3 domains: A, B, C. A is a (beta/alpha) 8-barrel; B is a loop between the beta 3 strand and alpha 3 helix of A; C is the C-terminal extension characterized by a Greek key. The majority of the enzymes have an active site cleft found between domains A and B where a triad of catalytic residues (Asp, Glu and Asp) performs catalysis. Other members of this family have lost the catalytic activity as in the case of the human 4F2hc, or only have 2 residues that serve as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, such as Thermus A4 beta-galactosidase with 2 Glu residues (GH42) and human alpha-galactosidase with 2 Asp residues (GH31). The family members are quite extensive and include: alpha amylase, maltosyltransferase, cyclodextrin glycotransferase, maltogenic amylase, neopullulanase, isoamylase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltotetrahydrolase, 4-alpha-glucotransferase, oligo-1,6-glucosidase, amylosucrase, sucrose phosphorylase, and amylomaltase.

Alpha amylase, catalytic domain. Alpha amylase is classified as family 13 of the glycosyl hydrolases. The structure is an 8 stranded alpha/beta barrel containing the active site, interrupted by a ~70 a.a. calcium-binding domain protruding between beta strand 3 and alpha helix 3, and a carboxyl-terminal Greek key beta-barrel domain.

Glycosidase [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism].

Alpha amylase catalytic domain found in bacterial Alpha-amylases (also called 1,4-alpha-D-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase). AmyA (EC 3.2.1.1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,4) glycosidic linkages of glycogen, starch, related polysaccharides, and some oligosaccharides. This group includes Chloroflexi, Dictyoglomi, and Fusobacteria. The Alpha-amylase family comprises the largest family of glycoside hydrolases (GH), with the majority of enzymes acting on starch, glycogen, and related oligo- and polysaccharides. These proteins catalyze the transformation of alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages with retention of the anomeric center. The protein is described as having 3 domains: A, B, C. A is a (beta/alpha) 8-barrel; B is a loop between the beta 3 strand and alpha 3 helix of A; C is the C-terminal extension characterized by a Greek key. The majority of the enzymes have an active site cleft found between domains A and B where a triad of catalytic residues (Asp, Glu and Asp) performs catalysis. Other members of this family have lost the catalytic activity as in the case of the human 4F2hc, or only have 2 residues that serve as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, such as Thermus A4 beta-galactosidase with 2 Glu residues (GH42) and human alpha-galactosidase with 2 Asp residues (GH31). The family members are quite extensive and include: alpha amylase, maltosyltransferase, cyclodextrin glycotransferase, maltogenic amylase, neopullulanase, isoamylase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltotetrahydrolase, 4-alpha-glucotransferase, oligo-1,6-glucosidase, amylosucrase, sucrose phosphorylase, and amylomaltase.

Crystalstructure of maltodextrin glucosidase from E.coli at 3.7 A resolution [Escherichia coli K-12]

Thermoactinomycesvulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase I (TVA I) mutant A357V/Q359N/Y360E (AQY/VNE) [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris],5Z0T_B Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase I (TVA I) mutant A357V/Q359N/Y360E (AQY/VNE) [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]

ChainA, amylase [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]

CrystalStructure Analysis of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-Amylase 1 [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris],1JI1_B Crystal Structure Analysis of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-Amylase 1 [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris],1UH3_A Thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47 alpha-amylase/acarbose complex [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]

ChainA, amylase [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]

Maltodextrin glucosidase OS=Escherichia coli (strain K12) OX=83333 GN=malZ PE=1 SV=5

Neopullulanase 1 OS=Thermoactinomyces vulgaris OX=2026 GN=tvaI PE=1 SV=1

Neopullulanase OS=Geobacillus stearothermophilus OX=1422 GN=nplT PE=1 SV=1

Cyclomaltodextrinase OS=Geobacillus thermopakistaniensis (strain MAS1) OX=1408282 GN=T260_08735 PE=1 SV=1

Intracellular maltogenic amylase OS=Bacillus subtilis OX=1423 GN=bbmA PE=1 SV=2