A4GalT_like proteins catalyze the addition of galactose or glucose residues to the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the bacterial cell surface. The members of this family of glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of galactose or glucose residues to the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the bacterial cell surface. The enzymes exhibit broad substrate specificities. The known functions found in this family include: Alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase, LOS-alpha-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase, UDP-glucose:(galactosyl) LPS alpha1,2-glucosyltransferase, UDP-galactose: (glucosyl) LPS alpha1,2-galactosyltransferase, and UDP-glucose:(glucosyl) LPS alpha1,2-glucosyltransferase. Alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase from N. meningitidis adds an alpha-galactose from UDP-Gal (the donor) to a terminal lactose (the acceptor) of the LOS structure of outer membrane. LOSs are virulence factors that enable the organism to evade the immune system of host cells. In E. coli, the three alpha-1,2-glycosyltransferases, that are involved in the synthesis of the outer core region of the LPS, are all members of this family. The three enzymes share 40 % of sequence identity, but have different sugar donor or acceptor specificities, representing the structural diversity of LPS.

Glycosyl transferase family 8. This family includes enzymes that transfer sugar residues to donor molecules. Members of this family are involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and glycogen synthesis. This family includes Lipopolysaccharide galactosyltransferase, lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase 1, and glycogenin glucosyltransferase.

Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis protein, LPS:glycosyltransferase [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis].

Members of glycosyltransferase family 8 (GT-8) are involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and glycogen synthesis. Members of this family are involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and glycogen synthesis. GT-8 comprises enzymes with a number of known activities: lipopolysaccharide galactosyltransferase, lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase 1, glycogenin glucosyltransferase, and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. GT-8 enzymes contains a conserved DXD motif which is essential in the coordination of a catalytic divalent cation, most commonly Mn2+.

Glycogenin belongs the GT 8 family and initiates the biosynthesis of glycogen. Glycogenin initiates the biosynthesis of glycogen by incorporating glucose residues through a self-glucosylation reaction at a Tyr residue, and then acts as substrate for chain elongation by glycogen synthase and branching enzyme. It contains a conserved DxD motif and an N-terminal beta-alpha-beta Rossmann-like fold that are common to the nucleotide-binding domains of most glycosyltransferases. The DxD motif is essential for coordination of the catalytic divalent cation, most commonly Mn2+. Glycogenin can be classified as a retaining glycosyltransferase, based on the relative anomeric stereochemistry of the substrate and product in the reaction catalyzed. It is placed in glycosyltransferase family 8 which includes lipopolysaccharide glucose and galactose transferases and galactinol synthases.

Thestructure of a protein in glycosyl transferase family 8 from Anaerococcus prevotii. [Anaerococcus prevotii DSM 20548],3TZT_B The structure of a protein in glycosyl transferase family 8 from Anaerococcus prevotii. [Anaerococcus prevotii DSM 20548]

ChainA, alpha-1,4-galactosyl transferase [Neisseria meningitidis]

ChainA, GLYCOSYL TRANSFERASE [Neisseria meningitidis],1GA8_A Chain A, GALACTOSYL TRANSFERASE LGTC [Neisseria meningitidis]

General stress protein A OS=Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) OX=224308 GN=gspA PE=1 SV=2

Putative glycosyltransferase HI_0258 OS=Haemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd) OX=71421 GN=HI_0258 PE=3 SV=2

Lipopolysaccharide 1,2-glucosyltransferase OS=Escherichia coli (strain K12) OX=83333 GN=rfaJ PE=3 SV=2

Probable galacturonosyltransferase-like 7 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana OX=3702 GN=GATL7 PE=2 SV=1

Probable galacturonosyltransferase-like 6 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana OX=3702 GN=GATL6 PE=2 SV=1