The LytC lysozyme of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterial cell wall hydrolase that cleaves the beta1-4-glycosydic bond located between the N-acetylmuramoyl-N-glucosaminyl residues of the cell wall polysaccharide chains. LytC is composed of a C-terminal glycosyl hydrolase family 25 (GH25) domain and an N-terminal choline-binding module (CBM) consisting of eleven homologous repeats that specifically recognizes the choline residues of pneumococcal lipoteichoic and teichoic acids. This domain arrangement is the reverse of the major pneumococcal autolysin, LytA, and the CPL-1-like lytic enzymes of the pneumococcal bacteriophages, in which the CBM (consisting of six repeats) is at the C-terminus. This model represents the C-terminal catalytic domain of the LytC-like enzymes.

Endo-N-acetylmuramidases (muramidases) are lysozymes (also referred to as peptidoglycan hydrolases) that degrade bacterial cell walls by catalyzing the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. This family of muramidases contains a glycosyl hydrolase family 25 (GH25) catalytic domain and is found in bacteria, fungi, slime molds, round worms, protozoans and bacteriophages. The bacteriophage members are referred to as endolysins which are involved in lysing the host cell at the end of the replication cycle to allow release of mature phage particles. Endolysins are typically modular enzymes consisting of a catalytically active domain that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan cell wall and a cell wall-binding domain that anchors the protein to the cell wall. Endolysins generally have narrow substrate specificities with either intra-species or intra-genus bacteriolytic activity.

Ricin-type beta-trefoil lectin domain-like.

PlyB is a bacteriophage endolysin that displays potent lytic activity toward Bacillus anthracis. PlyB has an N-terminal glycosyl hydrolase family 25 (GH25) catalytic domain and a C-terminal bacterial SH3-like domain, SH3b. Both domains are required for effective catalytic activity. Endolysins are produced by bacteriophages at the end of their life cycle and participate in lysing the bacterial cell in order to release the newly formed progeny. Endolysins (also referred to as endo-N-acetylmuramidases or peptidoglycan hydrolases) degrade bacterial cell walls by catalyzing the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase. This family includes zinc amidases that have N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity EC:3.5.1.28. This enzyme domain cleaves the amide bond between N-acetylmuramoyl and L-amino acids in bacterial cell walls (preferentially: D-lactyl-L-Ala). The structure is known for the bacteriophage T7 structure and shows that two of the conserved histidines are zinc binding.

3D-structureof the modular autolysin LytC from Streptococcus pneumoniae at 1.6 A resolution [Streptococcus pneumoniae R6],2WWD_A 3D-structure of the modular autolysin LytC from Streptococcus pneumoniae in complex with pneummococcal peptidoglycan fragment [Streptococcus pneumoniae R6]

3D-structureof the modular autolysin LytC from Streptococcus pneumoniae in complex with synthetic peptidoglycan ligand [Streptococcus pneumoniae R6]

High-resolutionstructure of catalytic domain of endolysin ply40 from bacteriophage P40 of Listeria monocytogenes [Listeria phage P40]

X-raystructure of catalytic domain of endolysin from clostridium perfringens phage phiSM101 [Clostridium phage phiSM101]

Crystalstructure of the bacterial lysozyme from Streptomyces coelicolor at 1.65 A resolution [Streptomyces coelicolor]

Lysozyme M1 OS=Streptomyces globisporus OX=1908 GN=acm PE=1 SV=1

Probable autolytic lysozyme OS=Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A) OX=195102 GN=lyc PE=3 SV=2

Autolytic lysozyme OS=Clostridium acetobutylicum (strain ATCC 824 / DSM 792 / JCM 1419 / LMG 5710 / VKM B-1787) OX=272562 GN=lyc PE=1 SV=1