Rhamnogalacturonan lyase of the polysaccharide lyase family 11. The rhamnogalacturonan lyase of the polysaccharide lyase family 11 (RGL11) cleaves glycoside bonds in polygalacturonan as well as RG (rhamnogalacturonan) type-I through a beta-elimination reaction. Functionally characterized members of this family, YesW and YesX from Bacillus subtilis, cleave glycoside bonds between rhamnose and galacturonic acid residues in the RG-I region of plant cell wall pectin. YesW and YesX work synergistically, with YesW cleaving the glycoside bond of the RG chain endolytically, and YesX converting the resultant oligosaccharides through an exotype reaction. This domain is sometimes found in architectures with non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). There are two types of RG lyases, which both cleave the alpha-1,4 bonds of the RG-I main chain through a beta-elimination reaction, but belong to two structurally unrelated polysaccharide lyase (PL) families, 4 and 11.

Carbohydrate Binding Module family 35 (CBM35), pectate lyase-like; appended mainly to enzymes that bind mannan (Man), xylan, glucuronic acid (GlcA) and possibly glucans. This family includes carbohydrate binding module family 35 (CBM35) domains that are non-catalytic carbohydrate binding domains that are appended mainly to enzymes that bind mannan (Man), xylan, glucuronic acid (GlcA) and possibly glucans. Included in this family are CBM35s of pectate lyases, including pectate lyase 10A from Cellvibrio japonicas, these enzymes release delta-4,5-anhydrogalaturonic acid (delta4,5-GalA) from pectin, thus identifying a signature molecule for plant cell wall degradation. CBM35s are unique in that they display conserved specificity through extensive sequence similarity but divergent function through their appended catalytic modules. They are known to bind alpha-D-galactose (Gal), mannan (Man), xylan, glucuronic acid (GlcA), a beta-polymer of mannose, and possibly glucans, forming four subfamilies based on general ligand specificities (galacto, urono, manno, and gluco configurations). In contrast to most CBMs that are generally rigid proteins, CBM35 undergoes significant conformational change upon ligand binding. Some CBM35s bind their ligands in a calcium-dependent manner, especially those binding uronic acids.

Rhamnogalacturonan I lyases beta-sheet domain. This is the beta-sheet domain found in rhamnogalacturonan (RG) lyases, which are responsible for an initial cleavage of the RG type I (RG-I) region of plant cell wall pectin. Polysaccharide lyase family 11 carrying this domain, such as YesW (EC:4.2.2.23) and YesX (EC:4.2.2.24), cleave glycoside bonds between rhamnose and galacturonic acid residues in RG-I through a beta-elimination reaction. Other family members carrying this domain are hemagglutinin A, lysine gingipain (Kgp) and Chitinase C (EC:3.2.1.14).

Carbohydrate Binding Module 35 (CBM35) domains similar to Lmo2446. This family includes carbohydrate binding module 35 (CBM35) domains that are appended to several carbohydrate binding enzymes. Some CBM35 domains belonging to this family are appended to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family domains, including glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31), for example the CBM35 domain of Lmo2446, an uncharacterized protein from Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e. These CBM35s are non-catalytic carbohydrate binding domains that facilitate the strong binding of the GH catalytic modules with their dedicated, insoluble substrates. GH31 has a wide range of hydrolytic activities such as alpha-glucosidase, alpha-xylosidase, 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase, or alpha-1,4-glucan lyase, cleaving a terminal carbohydrate moiety from a substrate that may be a starch or a glycoprotein. Most characterized GH31 enzymes are alpha-glucosidases.

Carbohydrate Binding Module 6 (CBM6) and CBM35_like superfamily. Carbohydrate binding module family 6 (CBM6, family 6 CBM), also known as cellulose binding domain family VI (CBD VI), and related CBMs (CBM35 and CBM36). These are non-catalytic carbohydrate binding domains found in a range of enzymes that display activities against a diverse range of carbohydrate targets, including mannan, xylan, beta-glucans, cellulose, agarose, and arabinans. These domains facilitate the strong binding of the appended catalytic modules to their dedicated, insoluble substrates. Many of these CBMs are associated with glycoside hydrolase (GH) domains. CBM6 is an unusual CBM as it represents a chimera of two distinct binding sites with different modes of binding: binding site I within the loop regions and binding site II on the concave face of the beta-sandwich fold. CBM36s are calcium-dependent xylan binding domains. CBM35s display conserved specificity through extensive sequence similarity, but divergent function through their appended catalytic modules. This alignment model also contains the C-terminal domains of bacterial insecticidal toxins, where they may be involved in determining insect specificity through carbohydrate binding functionality.

Crystalstructure of rhamnogalacturonan lyase YesW at 1.40 A resolution [Bacillus subtilis],2Z8R_B Crystal structure of rhamnogalacturonan lyase YesW at 1.40 A resolution [Bacillus subtilis],2Z8S_A Crystal structure of rhamnogalacturonan lyase YesW complexed with digalacturonic acid [Bacillus subtilis],2Z8S_B Crystal structure of rhamnogalacturonan lyase YesW complexed with digalacturonic acid [Bacillus subtilis],2ZUX_A Crystal structure of rhamnogalacturonan lyase YesW complexed with rhamnose [Bacillus subtilis],2ZUX_B Crystal structure of rhamnogalacturonan lyase YesW complexed with rhamnose [Bacillus subtilis]

Bacilluslicheniformis Rhamnogalacturonan Lyase PL11 [Bacillus licheniformis]

Crystalstructure of exotype rhamnogalacturonan lyase YesX [Bacillus subtilis]

ChainA, Lipolytic Enzyme, G-d-s-l [Acetivibrio thermocellus]

ChainA, LIPOLYTIC ENZYME, G-D-S-L [Acetivibrio thermocellus],2W1W_B Chain B, LIPOLYTIC ENZYME, G-D-S-L [Acetivibrio thermocellus]

Rhamnogalacturonan endolyase YesW OS=Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) OX=224308 GN=yesW PE=1 SV=1

Rhamnogalacturonan exolyase YesX OS=Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) OX=224308 GN=yesX PE=1 SV=1

Exo-beta-D-glucosaminidase OS=Amycolatopsis orientalis OX=31958 GN=csxA PE=1 SV=2

Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase B OS=Cellvibrio japonicus (strain Ueda107) OX=498211 GN=xynB PE=1 SV=2

Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase C OS=Cellvibrio japonicus (strain Ueda107) OX=498211 GN=xynC PE=1 SV=2