glycogen synthase GSY2 and similar proteins. Glycogen synthase, which is most closely related to the GT3 family of glycosyltransferases, catalyzes the transfer of a glucose molecule from UDP-glucose to a terminal branch of a glycogen molecule, a rate-limit step of glycogen biosynthesis. GSY2, the member of this family in S. cerevisiae, has been shown to possess glycogen synthase activity.

Glycogen synthase. This family consists of the eukaryotic glycogen synthase proteins GYS1, GYS2 and GYS3. Glycogen synthase (GS) is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of -1,4-linked glucose chains in glycogen. It is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the polysaccharide, and its activity is highly regulated through phosphorylation at multiple sites and also by allosteric effectors, mainly glucose 6-phosphate (G6P).

phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosyltransferase. This family is most closely related to the GT4 family of glycosyltransferases and named after PimA in Propionibacterium freudenreichii, which is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIM) which are early precursors in the biosynthesis of lipomannans (LM) and lipoarabinomannans (LAM), and catalyzes the addition of a mannosyl residue from GDP-D-mannose (GDP-Man) to the position 2 of the carrier lipid phosphatidyl-myo-inositol (PI) to generate a phosphatidyl-myo-inositol bearing an alpha-1,2-linked mannose residue (PIM1). Glycosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. The acceptor molecule can be a lipid, a protein, a heterocyclic compound, or another carbohydrate residue. This group of glycosyltransferases is most closely related to the previously defined glycosyltransferase family 1 (GT1). The members of this family may transfer UDP, ADP, GDP, or CMP linked sugars. The diverse enzymatic activities among members of this family reflect a wide range of biological functions. The protein structure available for this family has the GTB topology, one of the two protein topologies observed for nucleotide-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases. GTB proteins have distinct N- and C- terminal domains each containing a typical Rossmann fold. The two domains have high structural homology despite minimal sequence homology. The large cleft that separates the two domains includes the catalytic center and permits a high degree of flexibility. The members of this family are found mainly in certain bacteria and archaea.

Glycosyl transferases group 1. Mutations in this domain of PIGA lead to disease (Paroxysmal Nocturnal haemoglobinuria). Members of this family transfer activated sugars to a variety of substrates, including glycogen, Fructose-6-phosphate and lipopolysaccharides. Members of this family transfer UDP, ADP, GDP or CMP linked sugars. The eukaryotic glycogen synthases may be distant members of this family.

Glycosyl transferases group 1.

Basalstate form of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NAZ_B Basal state form of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NAZ_C Basal state form of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NAZ_D Basal state form of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NCH_A Yeast Glycogen Synthase (Gsy2p) Basal State Conformation [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NCH_B Yeast Glycogen Synthase (Gsy2p) Basal State Conformation [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NCH_C Yeast Glycogen Synthase (Gsy2p) Basal State Conformation [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NCH_D Yeast Glycogen Synthase (Gsy2p) Basal State Conformation [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3O3C_A Glycogen synthase basal state UDP complex [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3O3C_B Glycogen synthase basal state UDP complex [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3O3C_C Glycogen synthase basal state UDP complex [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3O3C_D Glycogen synthase basal state UDP complex [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3RSZ_A Maltodextran bound basal state conformation of yeast glycogen synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3RSZ_B Maltodextran bound basal state conformation of yeast glycogen synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3RSZ_C Maltodextran bound basal state conformation of yeast glycogen synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3RSZ_D Maltodextran bound basal state conformation of yeast glycogen synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae]

yGsy2pin complex with small molecule [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],6U77_B yGsy2p in complex with small molecule [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],6U77_C yGsy2p in complex with small molecule [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],6U77_D yGsy2p in complex with small molecule [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]

Activatedstate yeast Glycogen Synthase in complex with UDP-xylose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UX7_B Activated state yeast Glycogen Synthase in complex with UDP-xylose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UX7_C Activated state yeast Glycogen Synthase in complex with UDP-xylose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5UX7_D Activated state yeast Glycogen Synthase in complex with UDP-xylose [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]

Crystalstructure of yeast glycogen synthase in complex with uridine-5'-monophosphate [Saccharomyces cerevisiae FostersO],4KQ1_B Crystal structure of yeast glycogen synthase in complex with uridine-5'-monophosphate [Saccharomyces cerevisiae FostersO],4KQ1_C Crystal structure of yeast glycogen synthase in complex with uridine-5'-monophosphate [Saccharomyces cerevisiae FostersO],4KQ1_D Crystal structure of yeast glycogen synthase in complex with uridine-5'-monophosphate [Saccharomyces cerevisiae FostersO],4KQ2_A Glucose1,2cyclic phosphate bound activated state of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae FostersO],4KQ2_B Glucose1,2cyclic phosphate bound activated state of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae FostersO],4KQ2_C Glucose1,2cyclic phosphate bound activated state of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae FostersO],4KQ2_D Glucose1,2cyclic phosphate bound activated state of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae FostersO]

Glucose-6-Phosphateactivated form of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NB0_B Glucose-6-Phosphate activated form of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NB0_C Glucose-6-Phosphate activated form of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3NB0_D Glucose-6-Phosphate activated form of Yeast Glycogen Synthase [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3RT1_A Maltodextarn bound activated state form of yeast glycogen synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3RT1_B Maltodextarn bound activated state form of yeast glycogen synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3RT1_C Maltodextarn bound activated state form of yeast glycogen synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],3RT1_D Maltodextarn bound activated state form of yeast glycogen synthase isoform 2 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae],5SUL_A Inhibited state structure of yGsy2p [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C],5SUL_B Inhibited state structure of yGsy2p [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]

Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle OS=Pongo abelii OX=9601 GN=GYS1 PE=2 SV=1

Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver OS=Mus musculus OX=10090 GN=Gys2 PE=1 SV=2

Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=GYS2 PE=1 SV=2

Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=GYS1 PE=1 SV=2

Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver OS=Rattus norvegicus OX=10116 GN=Gys2 PE=1 SV=2