bacitracin synthetase and related proteins. This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes bacitracin synthetases 1, 2, and 3 (BA1, also known as ATP-dependent cysteine adenylase or cysteine activase, BA2, also known as ATP-dependent lysine adenylase or lysine activase, and BA3, also known as ATP-dependent isoleucine adenylase or isoleucine activase) in Bacilli. Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic peptides used as a polypeptide antibiotic. This family also includes gramicidin synthetase 1 involved in synthesis of the cyclic peptide antibiotic gramicidin S via activation of phenylalanine. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

peptide synthase; Provisional

peptide synthase; Provisional

peptide synthase; Provisional

The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

Crystalstructure of dimodular LgrA in a condensation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis],6MFZ_B Crystal structure of dimodular LgrA in a condensation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis]

Crystalstructure of a 5-domain construct of LgrA in the substrate donation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis],6MG0_A Crystal structure of a 5-domain construct of LgrA in the thiolation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis],6MG0_B Crystal structure of a 5-domain construct of LgrA in the thiolation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis]

Thestructure of condensation and adenylation domains of teixobactin-producing nonribosomal peptide synthetase Txo2 serine module [Eleftheria terrae],6P1J_B The structure of condensation and adenylation domains of teixobactin-producing nonribosomal peptide synthetase Txo2 serine module [Eleftheria terrae]

Thestructure of condensation and adenylation domains of teixobactin-producing nonribosomal peptide synthetase Txo1 serine module [Eleftheria terrae],6OZV_A The structure of condensation and adenylation domains of teixobactin-producing nonribosomal peptide synthetase Txo1 serine module in complex with AMP [Eleftheria terrae],6P4U_A The structure of condensation and adenylation domains of teixobactin-producing nonribosomal peptide synthetase Txo1 serine module in complex with Mg and AMP [Eleftheria terrae]

ChainA, ABBFA_003403 [Acinetobacter baumannii AB307-0294],4ZXI_A Chain A, Tyrocidine synthetase 3 [Acinetobacter baumannii AB307-0294]

Gramicidin S synthase 2 OS=Brevibacillus brevis OX=1393 GN=grsB PE=1 SV=2

Bacitracin synthase 2 OS=Bacillus licheniformis OX=1402 GN=bacB PE=3 SV=1

Bacitracin synthase 3 OS=Bacillus licheniformis OX=1402 GN=bacC PE=3 SV=1

Gramicidin S synthase 2 OS=Aneurinibacillus migulanus OX=47500 GN=grsB PE=3 SV=2

Tyrocidine synthase 3 OS=Brevibacillus parabrevis OX=54914 GN=tycC PE=1 SV=1