peptide synthase; Provisional

The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), including Streptoalloteichus tallysomycin biosynthesis genes. The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions. This family includes the TLM biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptoalloteichus that consists of nine NRPS genes; the N-terminal module of TlmVI (NRPS-5) and the starter module of BlmVI (NRPS-5) are comprised of the acyl CoA ligase (AL) and acyl carrier protein (ACP)-like domains, which are thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of the beta-aminoalaninamide moiety.

peptide synthase; Provisional

Cyc (heterocyclization) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); belongs to the Condensation-domain family. Cyc (heterocyclization) domains catalyze two separate reactions in the creation of heterocyclized peptide products in nonribosomal peptide synthesis: amide bond formation followed by intramolecular cyclodehydration between a Cys, Ser, or Thr side chain and a carbonyl carbon on the peptide backbone to form a thiazoline, oxazoline, or methyloxazoline ring. Cyc-domains are homologous to standard NRPS Condensation (C) domains. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; Cyc-domains have an alternative, conserved DxxxxD active site motif, mutation of the aspartate residues in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and Cyc-domains. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain.

Cyc (heterocyclization) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs); belongs to the Condensation-domain family. Cyc (heterocyclization) domains catalyze two separate reactions in the creation of heterocyclized peptide products in nonribosomal peptide synthesis: amide bond formation followed by intramolecular cyclodehydration between a Cys, Ser, or Thr side chain and a carbonyl carbon on the peptide backbone to form a thiazoline, oxazoline, or methyloxazoline ring. Cyc-domains are homologous to standard NRPS Condensation (C) domains. C-domains typically have a conserved HHxxxD motif at the active site; Cyc-domains have an alternative, conserved DxxxxD active site motif, mutation of the aspartate residues in this motif can abolish or diminish condensation activity. NRPS can use a large variety of acyl monomers (approximately 500 different possible monomer substrates as opposed to the 20 standard amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis) to construct bioactive secondary metabolites of 2 to 18 units long (with various activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor and immunosuppression). There are various subtypes of C-domains such as the LCL-type which catalyzes peptide bond formation between two L-amino acids, the DCL-type which links an L-amino acid to the D-amino acid at the end of a growing peptide, starter C-domains which acylate the first amino acid with a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and Cyc-domains. Typically, an NRPS module consists of an adenylation domain, a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain (also known as thiolation (T) domain) and a C-domain. NRPS modules may also include specialized domains such as the terminal-module thioesterase (Te) domain that releases the product via hydrolysis or macrocyclization and any of various C-domain family members such as the epimerization (E) domain, the ester-bond forming C-domain, dual E/C (epimerization and condensation) domains, and the X-domain.

ChainA, Dihydroaeruginoic acid synthetase [Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1],7EMY_B Chain B, Dihydroaeruginoic acid synthetase [Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1],7EN1_A Chain A, Dihydroaeruginoic acid synthetase [Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1],7EN1_B Chain B, Dihydroaeruginoic acid synthetase [Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1],7EN2_A Chain A, Dihydroaeruginoic acid synthetase [Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1],7EN2_B Chain B, Dihydroaeruginoic acid synthetase [Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1]

ChainA, Nonribosomal peptide synthetase [Streptomyces sp. Sp080513GE-23],6LTB_A Chain A, Nonribosomal peptide synthetase [Streptomyces sp. Sp080513GE-23],6LTC_A Chain A, Nonribosomal peptide synthetase [Streptomyces sp. Sp080513GE-23],6LTD_A Chain A, Nonribosomal peptide synthetase [Streptomyces sp. Sp080513GE-23],6LTD_B Chain B, Nonribosomal peptide synthetase [Streptomyces sp. Sp080513GE-23]

ChainA, BmdB, Bacillamide NRPS [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]

ChainE, BmdB, bacillamide NRPS [Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]

Crystalstructure of a 5-domain construct of LgrA in the substrate donation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis],6MG0_A Crystal structure of a 5-domain construct of LgrA in the thiolation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis],6MG0_B Crystal structure of a 5-domain construct of LgrA in the thiolation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis]

High-molecular-weight protein 2 OS=Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8 / biotype 1B (strain NCTC 13174 / 8081) OX=393305 GN=irp2 PE=3 SV=1

Phenyloxazoline synthase MbtB OS=Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv) OX=83332 GN=mbtB PE=1 SV=1

Phenyloxazoline synthase MbtB OS=Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain CDC 1551 / Oshkosh) OX=83331 GN=mbtB PE=1 SV=1

Phenyloxazoline synthase MbtB OS=Mycobacterium bovis (strain ATCC BAA-935 / AF2122/97) OX=233413 GN=mbtB PE=3 SV=1

Pyochelin synthase PchE OS=Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / DSM 22644 / CIP 104116 / JCM 14847 / LMG 12228 / 1C / PRS 101 / PAO1) OX=208964 GN=pchE PE=1 SV=1