alpha-1,6-glucosidases, pullulanase-type. Members of this protein family include secreted (or membrane-anchored) pullulanases of Gram-negative bacteria and pullulanase-type starch debranching enzymes of plants. Both enzymes hydrolyze alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages. Pullulan is an unusual, industrially important polysaccharide in which short alpha-1,4 chains (maltotriose) are connected in alpha-1,6 linkages. Enzymes that cleave alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and release maltotriose are called pullulanases although pullulan itself may not be the natural substrate. This family is closely homologous to, but architecturally different from, the Gram-positive pullulanases of Gram-positive bacteria (TIGR02102). [Energy metabolism, Biosynthesis and degradation of polysaccharides]

alpha-amylase/limit dextrinase

Alpha amylase catalytic domain found in Pullulanase (also called dextrinase; alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha glucosidase), limit dextrinase, and related proteins. Pullulanase is an enzyme with action similar to that of isoamylase; it cleaves 1,6-alpha-glucosidic linkages in pullulan, amylopectin, and glycogen, and in alpha-and beta-amylase limit-dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen. Pullulanases are very similar to limit dextrinases, although they differ in their action on glycogen and the rate of hydrolysis of limit dextrins. The Alpha-amylase family comprises the largest family of glycoside hydrolases (GH), with the majority of enzymes acting on starch, glycogen, and related oligo- and polysaccharides. These proteins catalyze the transformation of alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages with retention of the anomeric center. The protein is described as having 3 domains: A, B, C. A is a (beta/alpha) 8-barrel; B is a loop between the beta 3 strand and alpha 3 helix of A; C is the C-terminal extension characterized by a Greek key. The majority of the enzymes have an active site cleft found between domains A and B where a triad of catalytic residues (Asp, Glu and Asp) performs catalysis. Other members of this family have lost the catalytic activity as in the case of the human 4F2hc, or only have 2 residues that serve as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, such as Thermus A4 beta-galactosidase with 2 Glu residues (GH42) and human alpha-galactosidase with 2 Asp residues (GH31). The family members are quite extensive and include: alpha amylase, maltosyltransferase, cyclodextrin glycotransferase, maltogenic amylase, neopullulanase, isoamylase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltotetrahydrolase, 4-alpha-glucotransferase, oligo-1,6-glucosidase, amylosucrase, sucrose phosphorylase, and amylomaltase.

pullulanase, type I. Pullulan is an unusual, industrially important polysaccharide in which short alpha-1,4 chains (maltotriose) are connected in alpha-1,6 linkages. Enzymes that cleave alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan and release maltotriose are called pullulanases although pullulan itself may not be the natural substrate. This family consists of pullulanases related to the subfamilies described in TIGR02102 and TIGR02103 but having a different domain architecture with shorter sequences. Members are called type I pullulanases.

Pullulanase/glycogen debranching enzyme [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism].

ChainA, Pullulanase [Klebsiella oxytoca],2YOC_B Chain B, Pullulanase [Klebsiella oxytoca]

ChainA, Pullulanase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],6J35_B Chain B, Pullulanase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],6J4H_A Chain A, Pullulanase [Klebsiella pneumoniae]

ChainA, pullulanase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],6J33_B Chain B, pullulanase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],6J34_A Chain A, Pullulanase [Klebsiella pneumoniae]

ChainA, PulA protein [Klebsiella pneumoniae],5YN7_A Chain A, PulA protein [Klebsiella pneumoniae],5YNA_A Chain A, PulA protein [Klebsiella pneumoniae],5YNC_A Chain A, PulA protein [Klebsiella pneumoniae],5YND_A Chain A, DUF3372 domain-containing protein [Klebsiella pneumoniae],5YNE_A Chain A, PulA protein [Klebsiella pneumoniae],5YNH_A Chain A, PulA protein [Klebsiella pneumoniae]

ChainA, Alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],2FH6_A Chain A, Alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],2FH8_A Chain A, Alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],2FHB_A Chain A, Alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],2FHC_A Chain A, Alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase [Klebsiella pneumoniae],2FHF_A Chain A, Alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase [Klebsiella pneumoniae]

Pullulanase OS=Klebsiella pneumoniae OX=573 GN=pulA PE=1 SV=2

Pullulanase OS=Klebsiella aerogenes OX=548 GN=pulA PE=1 SV=1

Pullulanase 1, chloroplastic OS=Arabidopsis thaliana OX=3702 GN=PU1 PE=1 SV=2

Pullulanase OS=Thermotoga maritima (strain ATCC 43589 / DSM 3109 / JCM 10099 / NBRC 100826 / MSB8) OX=243274 GN=pulA PE=1 SV=2

Pullulanase OS=Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) OX=224308 GN=amyX PE=1 SV=1