The GH18 (glycosyl hydrolases, family 18) type II chitinases hydrolyze chitin, an abundant polymer of N-acetylglucosamine and have been identified in bacteria, fungi, insects, plants, viruses, and protozoan parasites. The structure of this domain is an eight-stranded alpha/beta barrel with a pronounced active-site cleft at the C-terminal end of the beta-barrel.

Glyco_18 domain.

Glycosyl hydrolases family 18.

This conserved domain family includes a large number of catalytically inactive chitinase-like lectins (chitolectins) including YKL-39, YKL-40 (HCGP39), YM1, oviductin, and AMCase (acidic mammalian chitinase), as well as catalytically active chitotriosidases. The conserved domain is an eight-stranded alpha/beta barrel fold belonging to the family 18 glycosyl hydrolases. The fold has a pronounced active-site cleft at the C-terminal end of the beta-barrel. The chitolectins lack a key active site glutamate (the proton donor required for hydrolytic activity) but retain highly conserved residues involved in oligosaccharide binding. Chitotriosidase is a chitinolytic enzyme expressed in maturing macrophages, which suggests that it plays a part in antimicrobial defense. Chitotriosidase hydrolyzes chitotriose, as well as colloidal chitin to yield chitobiose and is therefore considered an exochitinase. Chitotriosidase occurs in two major forms, the large form being converted to the small form by either RNA or post-translational processing. Although the small form, containing the chitinase domain alone, is sufficient for the chitinolytic activity, the additional C-terminal chitin-binding domain of the large form plays a role in processing colloidal chitin. The chitotriosidase gene is nonessential in humans, as about 35% of the population are heterozygous and 6% homozygous for an inactivated form of the gene. HCGP39 is a 39-kDa human cartilage glycoprotein thought to play a role in connective tissue remodeling and defense against pathogens.

Chitinase, GH18 family [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism].

ChainA, Putative chitinase II [Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578]

Crystalstructure of the catalytic domain of chitinase ChiL from Chitiniphilus shinanonensis (CsChiL) [Chitiniphilus shinanonensis],6KST_B Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of chitinase ChiL from Chitiniphilus shinanonensis (CsChiL) [Chitiniphilus shinanonensis],6KXL_A Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of Chitiniphilus shinanonensis chitinase ChiL (CsChiL) complexed with N,N'-diacetylchitobiose [Chitiniphilus shinanonensis],6KXL_B Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of Chitiniphilus shinanonensis chitinase ChiL (CsChiL) complexed with N,N'-diacetylchitobiose [Chitiniphilus shinanonensis]

Crystalstructure of W50A mutant of Chitiniphilus shinanonensis chitinase ChiL (CsChiL) complexed with N,N'-diacetylchitobiose [Chitiniphilus shinanonensis],6KXN_B Crystal structure of W50A mutant of Chitiniphilus shinanonensis chitinase ChiL (CsChiL) complexed with N,N'-diacetylchitobiose [Chitiniphilus shinanonensis]

Crystalstructure of D157N mutant of Chitiniphilus shinanonensis chitinase ChiL (CsChiL) complexed with N,N'-diacetylchitobiose [Chitiniphilus shinanonensis],6KXM_B Crystal structure of D157N mutant of Chitiniphilus shinanonensis chitinase ChiL (CsChiL) complexed with N,N'-diacetylchitobiose [Chitiniphilus shinanonensis]

CrystalStructure of Chitinase ChiW from Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7 Reveals a Novel Type of Bacterial Cell-Surface-Expressed Multi-Modular Enzyme Machinery [Paenibacillus sp. FPU-7],5GZU_B Crystal Structure of Chitinase ChiW from Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7 Reveals a Novel Type of Bacterial Cell-Surface-Expressed Multi-Modular Enzyme Machinery [Paenibacillus sp. FPU-7],5GZV_A Crystal Structure of Chitinase ChiW from Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7 Reveals a Novel Type of Bacterial Cell-Surface-Expressed Multi-Modular Enzyme Machinery [Paenibacillus sp. FPU-7],5GZV_B Crystal Structure of Chitinase ChiW from Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7 Reveals a Novel Type of Bacterial Cell-Surface-Expressed Multi-Modular Enzyme Machinery [Paenibacillus sp. FPU-7]

Acidic mammalian chitinase OS=Bos taurus OX=9913 GN=CHIA PE=1 SV=1

Acidic mammalian chitinase OS=Mus musculus OX=10090 GN=Chia PE=1 SV=2

Acidic mammalian chitinase OS=Rattus norvegicus OX=10116 GN=Chia PE=2 SV=1

Probable chitinase 2 OS=Drosophila melanogaster OX=7227 GN=Cht2 PE=1 SV=1

Chitinase A1 OS=Niallia circulans OX=1397 GN=chiA1 PE=1 SV=1