The adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). The adenylation (A) domain of NRPS recognizes a specific amino acid or hydroxy acid and activates it as an (amino) acyl adenylate by hydrolysis of ATP. The activated acyl moiety then forms a thioester bond to the enzyme-bound cofactor phosphopantetheine of a peptidyl carrier protein domain. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

peptide synthase; Provisional

peptide synthase; Provisional

bacitracin synthetase and related proteins. This family of the adenylation (A) domain of nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS) includes bacitracin synthetases 1, 2, and 3 (BA1, also known as ATP-dependent cysteine adenylase or cysteine activase, BA2, also known as ATP-dependent lysine adenylase or lysine activase, and BA3, also known as ATP-dependent isoleucine adenylase or isoleucine activase) in Bacilli. Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic peptides used as a polypeptide antibiotic. This family also includes gramicidin synthetase 1 involved in synthesis of the cyclic peptide antibiotic gramicidin S via activation of phenylalanine. NRPSs are large multifunctional enzymes which synthesize many therapeutically useful peptides in bacteria and fungi via a template-directed, nucleic acid independent nonribosomal mechanism. These natural products include antibiotics, immunosuppressants, plant and animal toxins, and enzyme inhibitors. NRPS has a distinct modular structure in which each module is responsible for the recognition, activation, and in some cases, modification of a single amino acid residue of the final peptide product. The modules can be subdivided into domains that catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

peptide synthase; Provisional

Structureof surfactin A synthetase C (SrfA-C), a nonribosomal peptide synthetase termination module [Bacillus subtilis]

Thestructure of condensation and adenylation domains of teixobactin-producing nonribosomal peptide synthetase Txo2 serine module [Eleftheria terrae],6P1J_B The structure of condensation and adenylation domains of teixobactin-producing nonribosomal peptide synthetase Txo2 serine module [Eleftheria terrae]

Crystalstructure of the initiation module of LgrA in the 'open' and 'closed ' adenylation states [Brevibacillus parabrevis],5ES5_B Crystal structure of the initiation module of LgrA in the 'open' and 'closed ' adenylation states [Brevibacillus parabrevis],5ES8_A Crystal structure of the initiation module of LgrA in the thiolation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis],5ES8_B Crystal structure of the initiation module of LgrA in the thiolation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis],5ES9_A Crystal structure of the LgrA initiation module in the formylation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis],5ES9_B Crystal structure of the LgrA initiation module in the formylation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis]

Crystalstructure of a 4-domain construct of a mutant of LgrA in the substrate donation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis]

Crystalstructure of a 4-domain construct of LgrA in the substrate donation state [Brevibacillus parabrevis]

Plipastatin synthase subunit A OS=Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) OX=224308 GN=ppsA PE=1 SV=2

Surfactin synthase subunit 1 OS=Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) OX=224308 GN=srfAA PE=1 SV=4

Gramicidin S synthase 2 OS=Brevibacillus brevis OX=1393 GN=grsB PE=1 SV=2

Bacitracin synthase 2 OS=Bacillus licheniformis OX=1402 GN=bacB PE=3 SV=1

Gramicidin S synthase 2 OS=Aneurinibacillus migulanus OX=47500 GN=grsB PE=3 SV=2