PTS system trehalose(maltose)-specific transporter subunits IIBC; Provisional

alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase. Trehalose is a glucose disaccharide that serves in many biological systems as a compatible solute for protection against hyperosmotic and thermal stress. This family describes trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase, product of the treC (or treA) gene, which is often found together with a trehalose uptake transporter and a trehalose operon repressor.

PTS system, trehalose-specific IIBC component. This model represents the fused enzyme II B and C components of the trehalose-specific PTS sugar transporter system. Trehalose is converted to trehalose-6-phosphate in the process of translocation into the cell. These transporters lack their own IIA domains and instead use the glucose IIA protein (IIAglc or Crr). The exceptions to this rule are Staphylococci and Streptococci which contain their own A domain as a C-terminal fusion. This family is closely related to the sucrose transporting PTS IIBC enzymes and the B and C domains of each are described by subfamily-domain level TIGRFAMs models (TIGR00826 and TIGR00852, respectively). In E. coli, B. subtilis and P. fluorescens the presence of this gene is associated with the presence of trehalase which degrades T6P to glucose and glucose-6-P. Trehalose may also be transported (in Salmonella) via the mannose PTS or galactose permease systems, or (in Sinorhizobium, Thermococcus and Sulfolobus, for instance) by ABC transporters.

trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase; Provisional

Alpha amylase catalytic domain found in Sucrose isomerases, oligo-1,6-glucosidase (also called isomaltase; sucrase-isomaltase; alpha-limit dextrinase), dextran glucosidase (also called glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase), and related proteins. The sucrose isomerases (SIs) Isomaltulose synthase (EC 5.4.99.11) and Trehalose synthase (EC 5.4.99.16) catalyze the isomerization of sucrose and maltose to produce isomaltulose and trehalulose, respectively. Oligo-1,6-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.10) hydrolyzes the alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkage of isomaltooligosaccharides, pannose, and dextran. Unlike alpha-1,4-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20), it fails to hydrolyze the alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds of maltosaccharides. Dextran glucosidase (DGase, EC 3.2.1.70) hydrolyzes alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages at the non-reducing end of panose, isomaltooligosaccharides and dextran to produce alpha-glucose.The common reaction chemistry of the alpha-amylase family enzymes is based on a two-step acid catalytic mechanism that requires two critical carboxylates: one acting as a general acid/base (Glu) and the other as a nucleophile (Asp). Both hydrolysis and transglycosylation proceed via the nucleophilic substitution reaction between the anomeric carbon, C1 and a nucleophile. Both enzymes contain the three catalytic residues (Asp, Glu and Asp) common to the alpha-amylase family as well as two histidine residues which are predicted to be critical to binding the glucose residue adjacent to the scissile bond in the substrates. The Alpha-amylase family comprises the largest family of glycoside hydrolases (GH), with the majority of enzymes acting on starch, glycogen, and related oligo- and polysaccharides. These proteins catalyze the transformation of alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages with retention of the anomeric center. The protein is described as having 3 domains: A, B, C. A is a (beta/alpha) 8-barrel; B is a loop between the beta 3 strand and alpha 3 helix of A; C is the C-terminal extension characterized by a Greek key. The majority of the enzymes have an active site cleft found between domains A and B where a triad of catalytic residues performs catalysis. Other members of this family have lost the catalytic activity as in the case of the human 4F2hc, or only have 2 residues that serve as the catalytic nucleophile and the acid/base, such as Thermus A4 beta-galactosidase with 2 Glu residues (GH42) and human alpha-galactosidase with 2 Asp residues (GH31). The family members are quite extensive and include: alpha amylase, maltosyltransferase, cyclodextrin glycotransferase, maltogenic amylase, neopullulanase, isoamylase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltotetrahydrolase, 4-alpha-glucotransferase, oligo-1,6-glucosidase, amylosucrase, sucrose phosphorylase, and amylomaltase.

Crystalstructure of Bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA) [Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 = ATCC 14580],5BRQ_B Crystal structure of Bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA) [Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 = ATCC 14580],5BRQ_C Crystal structure of Bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA) [Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 = ATCC 14580],5BRQ_D Crystal structure of Bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA) [Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 = ATCC 14580]

Crystalstructure of Bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA), mutant R201Q, in complex with PNG [Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 = ATCC 14580],5BRP_B Crystal structure of Bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA), mutant R201Q, in complex with PNG [Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 = ATCC 14580],5BRP_C Crystal structure of Bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA), mutant R201Q, in complex with PNG [Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 = ATCC 14580],5BRP_D Crystal structure of Bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA), mutant R201Q, in complex with PNG [Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 = ATCC 14580]

CrystalStructure Of B. Cereus Oligo-1,6-Glucosidase [Bacillus cereus]

1.8Angstrom crystal structure of Listeria monocytogenes Lmo0184 alpha-1,6-glucosidase [Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e],5DO8_B 1.8 Angstrom crystal structure of Listeria monocytogenes Lmo0184 alpha-1,6-glucosidase [Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e],5DO8_C 1.8 Angstrom crystal structure of Listeria monocytogenes Lmo0184 alpha-1,6-glucosidase [Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e]

TheStructure of MalL mutant enzyme V200A from Bacillus subtilus [Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168]

PTS system trehalose-specific EIIBC component OS=Escherichia coli (strain K12) OX=83333 GN=treB PE=1 SV=4

Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase OS=Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) OX=224308 GN=treA PE=1 SV=2

Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase OS=Escherichia coli (strain K12) OX=83333 GN=treC PE=1 SV=3

Oligo-1,6-glucosidase OS=Bacillus cereus OX=1396 GN=malL PE=1 SV=1

Oligo-1,6-glucosidase OS=Alkalihalobacillus halodurans (strain ATCC BAA-125 / DSM 18197 / FERM 7344 / JCM 9153 / C-125) OX=272558 GN=malL PE=3 SV=1